Learning and learning techniques
13. April 2007Dear Linda,
How are you?
I hope you are fine and well, below is my text about learning techniques.
I hope you will like it and publish it in your next spring-ELEMENTI.
Best of luck!!!
Sharif, Secondary-school teacher in Peshawar
Definitions:
01 - Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skill through study, experience or teaching.
02 - It is a process that depends on experience and leads to long-term changes in behavior potential. Behavior potential describes the possible behavior of an individual (not actual behavior) in a given situation in order to achieve a goal.
03 - Learning is gaining knowledge or skills, or developing a behavior, through study, instruction, or experience.
04 - Learning is the change in behavior that results from experience and practice.
Everyone has a different “learning style". Consequently, everyone has a different “studying style". I am going to give you some suggestions on how to study efficiently.
They worked for me when I was in high school, and college. I urge you to try them.
The learning strategy that I am going to encourage you to use to learn something is really quite simple:
- Mind Map all of your course notes and lectures.
- Review every Mind Map frequently,
- Generate huge master Mind Maps for each of your subjects and place them on the wall of your bedroom or anywhere else where you will see them often. Review those Mind Maps at least weekly and with increasing frequency as the time for examinations approaches.
- Balance the use of the memory techniques with the use of the Mind Map technique to find a happy medium between memorizing facts and figures and understanding concepts. Remember to review everything at least five times.
05 - When you study, follow the following format that will help you balance the learning of new material and the review of information already covered:
- Warm up by stretching or doing some light exercise for 5 minutes.
- Mind Map New Material for 20 minutes.
- Take a break (juggling is a good idea) for 5 minutes.
- Review information covered yesterday, last week and last month (5 minutes each)
- Take a break (juggling is still a good idea) and relax
- Review the new material that you Mind Mapped during the 20 minute slot for 10 minutes.
With this schedule you can study all day and still take everything in and feel refreshed. It is really up to you to find out what combination of my recommendations works best for you.
06 - Relax after long study and go outside and take fresh breath and do some easy exercises, look at the beauty of the nature in the environment and have fun with your friends and you can also look out of the window. And you can use a variety of relaxation techniques.
07 - Have an effective Learning plans so that you will study by identifying your examination schedule and woke and allocate yourself to quality work. Have your own answers to the following questions:
- Why am I doing this course or subject and what I will learn today?
- What grades do I want and why?
- How much effort do I need to put in to get the grades that I want?
- Am I willing to put that much effort in?
- Am I willing to take responsibility for my education?
- What time will I dedicate to study every day?
- Make a general outline of what you are learning.
- Ask yourself what do I already know about this?
- Ask yourself what do I need to find out about?
Once you have your own, honest answers to these questions, I hope that you have planned your study by identifying your examination schedule and worked out how much time you have allocated yourself to quality work. Not only that, you will also have gathered together the entire course books you need, you will have worked out when assignments are due and will have planned your efforts accordingly. In addition you will have allotted a balanced amount of time for having fun and relaxing. I mean that every day you carefully balance the requirements of effective study against the need to relax and enjoy life.
Manage Your Time
School is a full-time job. And managing your time is important. If you have a “real” job after school that you do just for fun (or for some extra spending money), or if you participate in extra-curricular activities (whether school-related or not), keep your priorities in mind:
Your education should come first!
For some websites on time management, take a look at:
08 - Take Notes. Good studying at home begins with good notes taken in class. Just as everyone has a different learning style, different teachers have different teaching styles (and often these clash with the students’ learning styles!): Some teachers lecture, some lead discussions, some “facilitate” individual work (as in a lab), etc. Consequently, different classroom settings will require different note-taking techniques. But the suggestions here are general enough to work in most situations. Take Complete Notes the key idea of taking good notes in class is to write down as much as possible. There are several reasons to take notes that are as complete as possible:
- It will force you to pay attention to what’s going on in class.
- It will keep you awake (!)
- There will be less that you’ll have to remember.
- Ask Questions & Make Comments related to the lesson. If you have a question or something comes to mind as you’re taking notes, you have two choices:
You can contribute to the class discussion by asking your question or making your comment.
you can jot your question or comment down in your notes. I suggest always doing the latter, but also doing the former as often as possible. One reason that you should always put your question or comment in your notes is so that you won’t forget it; you can then always bring it up later, either in class or one-on-one with the teacher or a fellow student. , if you have a question, especially if you need clarification of something that the teacher said or wrote (possibly because it was inaudible or illegible), ask it! Do not be embarrassed about asking it! so there will be at least one other student in the class (and often many more) who will be extremely grateful to you for having asked the very same question that they were too embarrassed to ask, and they will come to view you as wise and brave for having asked it. (So will the teacher!) .
09 -
Keep a log or journal. You may want to keep one separate from your normal journal or training log. Include extra information about your thoughts and feelings. Outline your challenges, ideas on how to overcome them, and what worked. Write down what works well and doesn’t work well for you. While you are studying, be aware of thoughts or concerns that arise. Write them down and come back to them. Discuss with others later if needed. Bear in mind it may be more efficient to put something that confuses you aside, and ask others later. This is often better than spending too much time trying to work it out yourself.
10 -
Study Hard Subjects First & Study in Quiet Place. Each night (or day) when studying or doing your homework, do those subjects first, for which you need to be alert and energetic. Leave the easier, or more fun, subjects to later. Study in a quiet place, with as few distractions as possible. Do not listen to music or TV: It is virtually impossible to do two things at once
11 - Read Texts Actively & Slowly, before & after Class.
12 - Do Your Homework It should go without saying that you should do your homework and do it on time. Science and math courses (and some others, such as foreign-language courses) often require you to do homework exercises or problem sets. I strongly recommend that you do not simply do the problems and hand them in. Rather, do them on scrap paper, check them over, and then copy them neatly. Turn in the neat copy
13 - Make “Flash Cards” For any subject, you can make a set of “flash cards”.
14 - Do Research & Write Essays. Outline:
- Choose topic carefully
- Do research
- Make an outline
- Write, using your outline
15 - Use images, pictures, color and other visual media to help you learn. Incorporate much imagery into your visualizations. You may find that visualization comes easily to you. This also means that you may have to make your visualizations stand out more. This makes sure new material is obvious among all the other visual images you have floating around inside your head 16-Use color, layout, and spatial organization in your associations, and use many "visual words" in your assertions. Examples include see, picture, perspective, visual, and map.
06 -
Use mind maps. Use color and pictures in place of text, wherever possible. If you don’t use the computer, make sure you have at least four different color pens.
17 - Try to study with a class. If this is not available then consider forming your own study group with others at a similar level.
18 - Role-playing is a technique that works well with others, whether its one on one or with a group of people. For example, in aviation training, role-play the aerodrome area. Have people walking around in "circuits" making the right radio calls with the tower co-coordinating everyone. Another example might be to role-play with one person being the instructor and the other being the student.
19 - Have a calm mind. Learning seems to work much better if you’re generally relaxed. Some things that might help:
- Consciously relax, and play music that helps you stay relaxed.
- Deep breathing before you start, and frequently during your learning period.
- Have an organized place to work so that you’re not constantly distracted by other parts of your life;
- Give yourself rewards when you have completed some task effectively (don’t make these time-based or else you’ll become a time-server in your own life).
20 -
Have positive expectations to learn as expectations are self-fulfilling prophecies what you expect is what you get. Expect that you will find the material easy to understand; it will be interesting, exciting, and useful.
21 - highlight new information.
use a highlighter new informations and importnat points.
22 - walk around while reading.
23 - put key ideas on post and arrange tem in diffrent meaningful patterns on your desk,board or wall.
24 - After every learning session:
- Review the process you followed.
- what orked,what didnt,what would you do differenly next time.
- Do the sma thing at the end of each week,after each assignment,and after each tests.
25 - Demonstrate to yourself that you really do understand and remember what you learn or what you will learn so as it can increase your confidence.

